#land solutions georgia

[mapdronesolutions]

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[cavalierzee]

I Support A 2 State Solution

I support the 2 state solution:

Palestinians get Palestine, and israelis return to their original countries.

Every single Israeli prime minister is from Eastern Europe.

They have no connection to Palestine whatsoever.

David Ben-Gurion – Poland

Moshe Sharett – Russian Empire

Levi Eshkol – Russian Empire

Yigal Allon – Belarus

Golda Meir – Ukraine

Yitzhak Rabin – Eastern European

Yitzhak Shamir – Poland / Belarus

Shimon Peres – Poland

Benjamin Netanyahu – Poland

Ehud Barak – Lithuania

Ariel Sharon – Georgia

Ehud Olmert – Ukraine/ Russia

Naftali Bennett – America / Europe

Yair Lapid – Serbia / Hungary

Israelis are white European colonizers who came to Palestine to steal land and use religion as an excuse.

The US and UK support them so they keep the Arab world in chaos (divide and conquer) and have an illegal military outpost on someone else’s land.

Richard Medhurst

Image: “The Germans Destroyed Our Families and Homes. Don’t You Destroy Our Hopes.”

[crazyinluvfix]

PROLOGUE

FATAL ATTRACTION - a stiles stilinski story

summary: Sera Salvatore moved to Beacon Hills for a break from the supernatural. But her life was once again turned upside down when she and her two best friends get thrown head first into a world of werewolves and mystery. But it’s hard for her to protect her friends when a single werewolf bite is what could kill her for good…

WARNINGS: mentions of blood

a/n: this is just the intro ! future parts will be longer, that’s where the story really begins ;)

series masterlist

1.8k words

┌──────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ────────┐

Beacon Hills was supposed to be a sanctuary from all things supernatural.

After what felt like over a century (because it was), Sera Salvatore needed a break.

Which was admittedly a little hypocritical considering she herself was a vampire, but she was desperate for an escape from all the drama and chaos that her family - namely her brothers - had brought to Mystic Falls. So she decided to start afresh, again.

After only one year of living back in her hometown, she picked up and went to the furthest most point in the continental United States, which just so happened to land her here. From Georgia, all the way to sunny California. It would be a nice change.

She was fortunate enough that she could pass as quite young whenever she settled in a new place. With the help of makeup, clothing, and a healthy amount of dishonesty she managed to blend into freshman year at Beacon Hills High without anyone even batting an eye.

It was now one year ago today that she had started her first day, which turned out to be a breeze.

~

January 3rd, 2010

“You’re humiliating,” I expressed my annoyance flatly as I stood by the door, waiting for my brother to let go of my jacket that he had been straightening before I left the house.

He patted my shoulder with a motherly smile as if he was sending his child off to kindergarten, then took a step back to play the role further.

“Have you got everything?” he asked as he nodded to my bag.

I let out a breathy chuckle. I didn’t hate him as much as I let on… mostly.

“I packed you a blood bag for lunch,” he continued, that smirk of his right at home on his smug face - never a dull moment.

My hand reached for my keys on the side table as I walked backward towards the door, shaking my head to stop my lips from forming a smile of their own. “How thoughtful,” I retorted sarcastically.

But just as I was about to step outside I stopped to say one last thing, “Thanks for helping me move in and all,” my tone was much more genuine than it typically was when speaking to him, but I really was grateful.

Moving across the country would’ve been infinitely harder without his company on the road, and without being able to play the little sister card and sit back while he does the heavy lifting. But… and I would never admit it… but even now, starting a new school was just as scary as it always has been and a part of me liked that I had my big brother there to see me off.

I quickly cut our sappy little chat short with another comment, “But, I expect you to be gone when I get home.” I arched an eyebrow and pointed a finger at him.

He was definitely the fun brother, but with fun comes impulsivity - a trait that must be genetic, and must have skipped my twin - and with impulsivity comes a long string of ‘animal attacks’. And that was exactly the drama in question that I wanted to escape, so I had brought along a surplus of blood bags to hold me until I found a more permanent solution.

He held his hands up in surrender, “I’ll be out within the hour.”

“Okay. I’ll see ya,” I said finally as I stepped outside, hiding from the brisk winter cold in the confines of my leather jacket.

My words were met with another smile and a nod from my brother before he spoke again. “Tell me how it went when you’re home.” The protective mother was back. But this time, it wasn’t just a joke, he was lucky we had no witnesses since he’d hate to ruin his tough-guy persona.

I almost laughed at him again, but I didn’t. As humans me and my brothers were incredibly close, but over time that faded. Me and our other brother never really settled that, but over the past year back in Mystic Falls me and the eldest fell back into old patterns.

“I will,” I gave in with a joking eye-roll. “Bye Damon,” I waved his way.

“Bye Seffie,” he returned, getting a kick out of my suddenly sour face.

Seffie. A nickname he saddled me with at the age of 4 and has stuck with me ever since. But my real name was a mouthful, so I chose to go by Sera - a fact Damon will insist on disregarding for the rest of our eternal lives.

As I walked away my once friendly hand gesture turned into a middle finger as I heard him laugh behind me and shut the door as I made my way to my new school.

~

The moment I stepped foot in the doors I noticed some heads turn, some overheard whispers from passers-by that fuelled my ego just that bit more as I walked up to reception and signed in.

First-period English went smoothly, then it was History which ironically was focused on the confederacy (not me and my siblings' proudest fight). And it was safe to say the teacher was thoroughly impressed with my knowledge on the subject, little did he know I quite literally lived it.

But after class was when my day took a turn.

“1076, 1076,” I repeated under my breath as I went to scour the halls for my new locker, but the break rush made my search all the more difficult with what felt like a million people charging around.

But finally, I seemed to be in luck as I read the numbers to my right; 1080, 1079, 1078, 1077, and…

Crash.

I took a deep breath and a frustrated sigh at the smug-faced, blond jock who had just practically booked it into my side, knocking all of my books out of my hands, and causing me to jump at the deafening sound of them hitting the tile floor. ‘Great,’ I thought satirically. The prick didn’t even bother to look back! Let alone be kind enough to help me pick them back up again.

But someone else did. In fact, two other boys seemed to have played witness and immediately came scrambling up to my side.

“Hey, uh-” the one with darker features and a crooked jawline, giving him a somewhat goofy smile stuttered, stopping after his friend who stood politely next to him not-so-subtly jabbed him in the side with his elbow, causing him to bring a hand to it and shoot his friend a glare.

“What he meant to say was, do you want a hand with that?” The slightly taller friend with the buzzed brown hair asked after his friend's failure to do so.

I could do nothing but laugh slightly at both of their clear excitement and reply with a smile, “I’d love one.”

Picking up books was a simple task that I most definitely could’ve done myself in probably half the time, but nothing compared to watching them both drop to the floor and bat at each other's hands in a frantic competition to ‘help the most.’ My smile grew wider and I brought a hand up to rest on my forehead. This was already a refreshing change since none of the boys back home would have ever done the same.

Soon, they both stood back up in front of me, proud looks on both of their faces as they put the books in my open locker for me.

“Thank you,” I chuckled in response.

“No problem,” the more hyper one added before quickly speaking again at a constant, lightning pace. “I’m Stiles, by the way,” he gestured to himself, “and this is my buddy, Scott,” his hand moved over to pat the other boy on the shoulder.

“Nice to meet you, Stiles and Scott,” I nodded back at them, still trying to bite back an amused grin, “I’m Sera.”

“You’re new here right?” Scott spoke again with an innocent look of pure curiosity.

I put my hands together behind my back and rocked on my heels slightly, “Mhm, started this morning,” a somewhat nervous chuckle left my lips, which the one called Stiles seemed to pick up on because he quickly interjected.

“I mean, we’d be happy to show you ‘round if you wanna hang with us,” he offered, a hopeful shrug on his shoulders and a pout on his lips.

“Wouldn’t we, Scott,” he then batted the back of his hand against his friend’s arm, glaring at him to respond.

Scott quickly blinked and nodded rapidly, “Oh, yeah, of course.”

I bit my lip in contemplation, they did seem awfully nice. “I’d love to, but I’ve gotta go to the office quickly, but maybe I’ll catch up with you guys later,” my counter seemed to be accepted without a second thought as I studied their expressions.

When I stepped backward I noticed how they didn’t leave just yet, so I said, “Bye boys, I’ll see you around,” with a small wiggle of my fingers as a wave.

“See you around, Sera,” Stiles repeated as he and Scott both mimicked my step back, his hand raising up to do a little salute before we turned our backs to each other.

I could not help the quiet giggle that escaped my mouth after I was out of their eyeline, but I also could not help but hear what they were saying to each other down the hall.

“Why the fuck did you salute?” Scott whispered, hitting Stiles back in retaliation for earlier.

“I- I don’t know, okay?” Stiles replied slightly panicked.

My smile grew. What idiots.

As for the conversation with the receptionist, it went smoothly with a little help from my immaculate ‘people skills’.

“I’m sorry but we insist on transcripts. And your immunisation records seem to be missing,” the lady said, peering over her glasses as she looked through my files.

My sigh was followed by me leaning forward, looking into her eyes as I watched her pupils dilate - she just had to make this more difficult.

“Please look again, I’m sure you’ll find everything you’re looking for.” A proud smirk laced my lips as she did exactly that, nodding and sending me on my way. Too easy.

During lunch, I did end up joining the boys at their table, taking a seat next to Stiles and definitely not missing the wide-eyed look he gave to Scott, along with his stuttered breath as I leaned over him to reach my pen that had rolled across the table.

The portrayal of vampires in Twilight had always annoyed me due to its incredible inaccuracy, but it was beyond amusing how easy it was for me to read their minds, even without special powers.

~

That day had ended with new numbers in everyone’s phones and Sera scoring a new ride to school and back every day in her new friend’s beaten-up old Jeep (which she thought had enough charm to distract from the deafening sound it made when running).

And from that moment forward, the three were inseparable.

ੈ✩‧₊˚

hope you enjoyed !

this was basically to just tell you what to expect from the rest of the series. might not post it all on here unless you want me to so check out my ao3 and wattpad ( @crazyinluvfix ) like and comment x

└──────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ────────┘

[justinspoliticalcorner]

Hunter Walker at TPM:

President-elect Donald Trump has been filling out his administration in the week since his landslide election. On Tuesday, he announced that former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee is his choice to serve as U.S. Ambassador to Israel. The pick is notable because Huckabee has a long history with the country, including statements that indicate he doesn’t necessarily believe in the two state solution to the country’s conflict with the Palestinian people. 

In multiple posts on the site once known as Twitter, Huckabee has suggested the nation of Palestine does not exist at all. For example, in 2019, Huckabee tweeted “there has NEVER been a nation called Palestine.” That comment came as a response to reports about the first Palestinian-American congresswoman, Rep. Rashida Tlaib (R-MI), including a new report at the time about a map in her office that was branded with a post-it note saying Palestine placed next to Israel. Huckabee offered a similar perspective in a 2020 tweet where he endorsed former Georgia Sen. Kelly Loeffler (R) against the man who ultimately won her seat, Raphael Warnock.  “Until terrorist Yassar Afafat ‘invented’ a ‘Palestinian nation’ in 1962, the term applied to ALL who lived in the region, including the Jews,” Huckabee wrote.

Huckabee did not respond to a request for comment. His contention that Palestine has never been a country and that the term “Palestinian” has applied to everyone in the region is a decidedly ahistorical one. The modern nation of Palestine, which includes the territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, is recognized by over 140 other countries. That list does not include Israel, which has been engaged in a decades long conflict over borders with the Palestinians since its own founding in 1948, and the United States. The Palestinian people, a group that includes Arab Christians and Muslims, have been described as inhabiting the region since the Biblical times. English translations of the Torah and Bible translate the Arabic and Greek references to the group by calling them Philistines. In the relatively modern era, the region was ruled by a series of colonial powers, including the Ottoman Empire and the British, who left the territory in 1948, setting off a conflict between the newly-declared Jewish State of Israel and Arabs in the region. 

However, in Huckabee’s telling, any notion of a Palestinian state seems to be totally illegitimate. He reiterated this view in February when President Joe Biden visited the town of East Palestine, Ohio. On Twitter, Huckabee quipped that Biden made a mistake and thought it was “actually a visit to the mythical land of ‘Palestine’ where Jew-hating genocidal Hamas & Fatah rule and celebrate murder of Jews.”

The long simmering Israeli-Palestinian conflict reached a new level of urgency in the aftermath of the Oct. 7, 2023 attack staged by Hamas, which controls the Gaza Strip. During the violence, Hamas militants invaded southern Israel, killed over a thousand people and took more than 200 hostages. The Israeli government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu responded by staging an invasion of Gaza, which is ongoing and has left over 40,000 people dead, so far. Fighting has also spilled over into Lebanon, Israel’s Northern neighbor.  President Biden’s support for Israel despite an invasion that many on the left view as a genocide is one of the issues believed to have helped erode support for Vice President Kamala Harris as she lost last week’s election to Trump. While some Democrats and leftists may have been unhappy with Biden’s support for Israel, during the election, Netanyahu displayed a clear preference for Trump. And, despite shifting comments on the conflict, Trump has increasingly indicated he would be open to a so-called one-state solution that saw Israel take control over the Palestinian territories. 

Mike Huckabee, who is set to serve as US’s Ambassador to Israel, has repeatedly pushed the pro-Israel Apartheid apologist false notion that Palestine doesn’t exist. Well, Mr. Huckabee, various agencies and several countries would beg to differ there.

[activeacres7]

How to Sell Land Quickly in the Southeast and Beyond: A Comprehensive Guide

If you’re looking to sell your land, understanding the market and targeting the right buyers is crucial. Whether you’re in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, or Michigan, this guide will help you navigate the process. From finding reputable land buyers to learning how to sell land online, let’s explore how to secure the best deal for your property.

We Buy Land: Quick and Easy Sales Solutions

If you’re looking for a fast sale, companies that advertise we buy land can offer an efficient, hassle-free process. These buyers often purchase land as-is, meaning you won’t need to invest in costly improvements or repairs. It’s a great option for those who want a quick cash offer without navigating the traditional real estate market.

Land Buyers in Georgia: Attracting Local Investors

Georgia’s booming economy and diverse landscapes make it a hotspot for buyers. Land buyers in Georgia are interested in everything from rural farmland to suburban development plots.

Highlight the potential uses of your property — such as agriculture, residential development, or recreational use — to attract serious buyers who are ready to invest. Selling land in Georgia requires a targeted approach. Whether you’re marketing large acreage or smaller plots, showcasing features like access to utilities, proximity to major highways, or unique natural features will help attract buyers. Engaging with local real estate agents and listing platforms can broaden your reach.

Land Buyers in North Carolina: Tap into a Growing Market

With its scenic mountains, bustling cities, and thriving agricultural sector, North Carolina attracts a diverse range of buyers. Land buyers in North Carolina are often looking for properties near popular destinations like Asheville or Raleigh. Highlighting your land’s potential for farming, development, or vacation homes can attract these buyers.

Sell Land in North Carolina: Showcase Your Property’s Value

When you decide to sell land in North Carolina, providing detailed listings with clear photos and descriptions is key. Make sure to include information about zoning, access to utilities, and any unique features. Buyers often look for land that can be used for multiple purposes, so emphasize flexibility.

Land Buyers in South Carolina: Targeting the Right Audience

South Carolina’s charm and economic growth make it an attractive market for buyers. Land buyers in South Carolina are drawn to properties with development potential or natural beauty. Whether you’re selling land for residential use or agriculture, showcasing these aspects can help you secure a fast sale.

Sell Land in South Carolina: Key Strategies

To sell land in South Carolina quickly, make sure your listings emphasize any standout features like water access, wooded areas, or proximity to tourist attractions. Partnering with experienced real estate agents or using online platforms can help you reach a wider audience of potential buyers.

Land Buyers in Tennessee: A Thriving Market for Land Sales

Tennessee offers a mix of urban and rural appeal, making it a desirable location for buyers. Land buyers in Tennessee are often looking for investment opportunities or recreational properties. Highlight the proximity to popular areas like Nashville or the Smoky Mountains to attract interested parties.

Sell Land in Tennessee: How to Stand Out

When you’re ready to sell land in Tennessee, be sure to highlight key attributes like acreage size, access to infrastructure, and zoning flexibility. Marketing your land’s potential for residential, agricultural, or recreational use will draw in more offers from motivated buyers.

Sell My Vacant Land Fast in Michigan: Streamline the Process

If you’re wondering, “How can I sell my vacant land fast Michigan?” the answer lies in connecting with cash buyers and using online platforms. Michigan’s market for vacant land is growing, especially in rural areas. Cash buyers often close quickly, making this a great option for those needing a fast sale.

Sell Land Online: Reach Buyers Nationwide

In today’s digital age, the ability to sell land online opens up opportunities to reach buyers across the country. Online platforms allow you to showcase your property to a wider audience, increasing the likelihood of a quick sale. Be sure to include high-quality photos, detailed descriptions, and clear contact information to engage potential buyers effectively.

Conclusion

Selling land doesn’t have to be a complicated process. Whether you’re targeting land buyers in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, or looking to sell my vacant land fast in Michigan, understanding the local market and leveraging online platforms will help you close the deal quickly. From partnering with we buy land companies to using online listings, these strategies ensure a smooth and profitable sale.

[wandaluvstacos]

personally to me the whole "I won't vote for Biden" thing lands differently when it was about shit like student loans (a complicated issue that required complicated solutions after the SC struck it down because of course they did) than it does now, when he's literally handing money to Israel to murder thousands of children. Not because it's popular but simply because he wants to. He wants to kill children. It thrills him, in fact. He keeps voting to do more of it, and there's no one telling him he can't or should. It's all him, man. There's no Supreme Court or Congress to blame for those actions. He's said it a million times in a million different ways, but essentially he's said "it's good that children are being murdered. I like that and I want it to continue"

I live in Maryland. My vote for Biden will not matter. So I'm not voting for him. Fuck that guy. Trump would be way worse, I'm sure. But most people live in states where their vote won't matter, so for that, feel free to vote with your conscience. Unless you're in Nevada, Arizona, Wisconsin, Michigan, Georgia, North Carolina, Florida, or Pennsylvania, vote or don't vote for Joe Biden. Like, if you live in fucking Alabama or California, don't vote for Biden if you don't want to, you know your state will go red or blue either way.

You should still vote down ballot if you can though, especially for local elections, since it's likely your neighborhood school board member did not vote to send money to a country to pulverize children into their individual limbs, and there are a lot of gay kids in school who don't deserve nazis on their school board. Or vote for guys like this. There are still good people running for small offices across the country. There are just very very very few of them who want anywhere near the federal government.

[usafphantom2]

German Typhoons intercept Russian military aircraft in the Baltic

Fernando Valduga By Fernando Valduga 02/01/2024 - 12:00in Interceptions, Military

The German Air Force mobilized some of its Typhoons fighters to intercept a Russian reconnaissance aircraft that was sighted over the Baltic Sea, near the German coast.

The patrol of Tactical Squadron 71 took off from Laage air base in northeastern Germany, after a Russian military aircraft was detected in international airspace near Rügen, according to a statement from the German Air Force.

A German Eurofighter Typhoon briefly accompanied the Russian aircraft before it turned east, the statement added.

“The Il-20M military aircraft “Coot” was flying without emitting a transponder signal,” said the German Air Force.

Previously, it was reported that in 2023 NATO air forces in Europe were called more than 300 times to intercept Russian military aircraft approaching NATO airspace, with most interceptions occurring over the Baltic Sea.

After Russia's invasion of Ukraine, NATO considerably strengthened its air defenses on the eastern border, increasing the number of fighters, surveillance aircraft and land-based anti-air defenses.

In response to repeated Russian attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure located very close to NATO territory, allies sent additional fighters to Romania.

In October, after the breach of a submarine gas pipeline in the Baltic Sea, NATO also sent additional capabilities to the region.

Tags: Military AviationEurofighter TyphoonIL-20InterceptionsLuftwaffe - German Air ForceRussia

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Fernando Valduga

Fernando Valduga

Aviation photographer and pilot since 1992, he has participated in several events and air operations, such as Cruzex, AirVenture, Dayton Airshow and FIDAE. He has works published in specialized aviation magazines in Brazil and abroad. He uses Canon equipment during his photographic work in the world of aviation.

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[xtruss]

Sharecropping: Slavery Rerouted

Though slavery was abolished in 1865, sharecropping would keep most Black Southerners impoverished and immobile for decades to come.

— Published: August 16, 2023 | By Jared Tetreau | The Harvest: Integrating Mississippi's Schools | Article | Sunday August 20, 2023

Sharecropper's children. Montgomery County, Alabama, 1937, photographer Arthur Rothstein, Library of Congress

“The White Folks had all the Courts, all the Guns, all the Hounds, all the Railroads, all the Telegraph Wires, all the Newspapers, all the Money and nearly all the Land – and we had only our Ignorance, our Poverty and our Empty Hands.” — an anonymous Sharecropper, Elbert County, Georgia, ca. 1900

On January 1, 1867 in Marshall County, Mississippi, Cooper Hughes and Charles Roberts entered into an agreement. In their contract with landowner I.G. Bailey, Hughes and Roberts, both formerly enslaved men, agreed to work 40 acres of corn and 20 acres of cotton on Bailey’s land, along with “all other work…necessary to be done to keep [the farm] in good order,” for the duration of 1867. In exchange for their labor, Hughes, Roberts and their families would be “furnished” with stipends of meat, a mule for plowing, a plot of land to grow a garden, separate cabins and one-third and one-half of the corn and cotton crops respectively.

On that first day of 1867, Hughes and Roberts joined a growing number of newly freed African Americans turning toward a new agricultural arrangement in the South. It would come to be called “sharecropping.” In the decades that followed, sharecropping would grow into what scholar Wesley Allen Riddle called the “predominant capital-labor arrangement” in the region, defining how hundreds of thousands of Black Southerners made a living and supported their families. But once up and running, sharecropping itself would deny the formerly enslaved their rights and liberties as free American citizens for nearly one hundred years.

Sharecropper "Mother Lane" Pulaski County, Arkansas,1937, United States Resettlement Administration, photographer Ben by Shahn, Library of Congress

What is Sharecropping?

Sharecropping is a system by which a tenant farmer agrees to work an owner’s land in exchange for living accommodations and a share of the profits from the sale of the crop at the end of the harvest.

The system emerged after the Civil War, when the southern economy lay in ruins. With the Confederate monetary system wiped out, farm land decimated, and slavery abolished under the 13th Amendment, access to labor and capital was extremely limited among Southern landowners. For former slaves, federal proposals to redistribute land fell apart in the 1860s, leaving millions without the promises of full citizenship guaranteed to them by the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments.

Pitched as a solution for both groups, sharecropping was presented to the formerly enslaved as land ownership by proxy. It put an end to work in “gangs” under an overseer, while keeping Black workers within the agricultural sector, preferably on the same land where they had been held captive, and incentivizing high crop yields, benefitting landowners. But even though the old plantation system had changed and some day-to-day activities were delegated to sharecroppers, sharecropping proved a fundamentally unequal arrangement, organized to keep Black farmers from ever achieving economic or social mobility.

As writer Doug Blackmon notes, many white southerners after Emancipation were determined not to pay for something they had once had for free—Black labor.

Many landowners at the end of the Civil War were furious at the idea of paying Black workers whom they’d owned only months before. As a result, landowners developed systems adjacent to slavery. On the plantations, this took the form of sharecropping, though the transformation did not happen overnight.

Black Americans in the South were eager to exercise their newfound freedoms after the war. As historian Wesley Allen Riddle writes, “the most basic and symbolic” of these freedoms was “mobility” itself. The formerly enslaved left their plantations in droves, some looking for work in the South’s devastated cities, while others looked for—and were given by the Union Army—vacant land on which to raise a farm. But work in cities was hard to come by. Only about 4 percent of Freedmen were able to find work in southern cities after the war, and many who came there were relegated to shantytowns of the formerly enslaved. As for those that were given vacant lands by the army, they were forced out when President Andrew Johnson canceled Field Order No. 15 in the fall of 1865, returning these properties to their white owners.

While many formerly enslaved did leave the plantations after the war, many others could not. Those trying to leave faced horrific violence and intimidation from their former owners. As Union General Carl Schurz reported in his testimony to Congress in 1865, “In many instances, negroes who walked away from plantations, or were found upon the road, were shot or otherwise severely punished.”

With land ownership all but closed to them, and urban service work extremely limited, many Freedmen had little choice but to return to the plantations by the end of the 1860s. Their motives for this were mixed. Though economic pressures were strong, many wanted to reunite with loved ones who had been sold during slavery, and saw some appeal in working in an agricultural sector that they were familiar with.

Twenty to 50 acre plots, a cabin to live in and farming supplies were promised to them, all in exchange for about 50 percent of their harvest. Freedmen envisioned a self-sustained life working a plot of land, raising a garden, and providing for their families as they wanted. But these hopes were dashed as the pitfalls of sharecropping quickly became clear.

Sharecroppers, Pulaski County, Arkansas. 1937, photographer Ben by Shahn, United States Resettlement Administration, Library of Congress

Life as a Sharecropper

By design, sharecropping deprived Black farmers of economic agency or mobility. Although they were no longer legally enslaved, sharecroppers were kept in place by debt. As their income was dependent on both the profits from the sale of the crop and the whims of the landowners, sharecroppers had to find means to sustain themselves during the rest of the year. They were forced to purchase food, seed, clothing and other goods on credit, typically from a plantation “commissary” owned by the landlord.

At the end of the harvest, when revenue from the crop was “settled up,” the sharecroppers’ portion of the profits was calculated against their debts. As a result, sharecroppers often ended the year owing their landlords money. What could not be paid off was carried into the next year, creating a cycle of indebtedness that was often impossible to break.

Sharecroppers in debt to their landlord were subject to laws that tied them to the land. If they attempted to move, any new tenancy contracts they signed with other landlords could be voided by their existing ones. If they ran away, they could be brought back to their landlord in chains, and made to work as a prisoner for no pay at all.

Even if sharecroppers did not try to leave, they still faced massive obstacles in achieving any kind of solvency. For instance, many Southern states limited how and to whom sharecroppers could sell their part of the crop. In Alabama, cotton had to be sold and transported during the day, and could only be purchased by a state-defined “legitimate” merchant. As sharecroppers couldn’t afford to lose a day’s work to take their crop to market, these laws curtailed their ability to sell their product at the best possible price.

In addition, individual freedoms were crushed by tenancy contracts, many of which included arbitrary clauses forbidding alcohol consumption, speaking to other sharecroppers in the fields or allowing visitors on rented land.

Black sharecroppers could not seek redress through the political system either. Despite the ratification of the 14th and 15th Amendments, the southern “Redemption” that followed the withdrawal of Union troops from the South in 1876-7 ensured that the federal government would not enforce Black voting rights. Black elected officials disappeared from Congress and state legislatures, and attempts at organizing Black voters were brutally suppressed, as in New Orleans in July of 1866, where a convention of Black voters was attacked by a white mob under police protection that killed an estimated 200 people.

Educational opportunities were also sparse. In 1872, white Southerners pressured Congress to abolish the Freedmen's Bureau, a federal agency designed to provide food, shelter, clothing, medical services and land to newly freed African Americans. With the dissolution of the Bureau, few resources remained for the approximately 80 percent of Black people who were illiterate.

Sharecropping, with its prohibitive restrictions on physical and economic mobility, its use of violence and intimidation and its emphasis on maximum production, denied Black Southerners the ability to gain wealth, to exercise the freedom granted them by Emancipation and to gain the education they were deprived of during enslavement. The system existed, in conjunction with other institutions, to exploit Black labor at a minimum “relative loss” to white landowners while keeping the Black population underfoot.

As Black sharecropper Ed Brown said of his experience, “hard work didn’t get me nowhere.”

Sharecropper's cabin, Southeast Missouri Farms. 1938, photographer Russell Lee, Library of Congress

Sharecropping’s Decline and Legacy

After dominating the southern agricultural economy for decades, sharecropping was, like most other farming practices, upended by the rise of new technologies. While these changes were delayed by the Great Depression, sharecropping had become obsolete in many areas of the South by the mid-twentieth century. With increased mechanization, white planters’ demand for Black labor dried up.

Also during this time, Jim Crow obstructions to Black enfranchisement, as well as state-sanctioned violence against Black people, were directly challenged by the Civil Rights Movement and the landmark legislation it helped enact. The Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 deconstructed de jure segregation across the South in housing and public accommodation, while empowering the federal government to secure the right to vote for Black Southerners.

As scholars Paru Shah and Robert S. Smith note, enfranchisement, desegregation and the decline of sharecropping weakened “the broader agenda of White Supremacy to crush African American socioeconomic mobility,” but did not destroy it. The effects of centuries of Black economic and social oppression, represented in part by sharecropping, are still felt today. Limited access to capital, to mobility, and to representation during Jim Crow and before it denied Black Americans the ability to save, invest or accumulate wealth, concentrating inherited fortunes in the hands of white families and shaping the present class makeup.

For nearly a century, sharecropping defined Southern agriculture and hindered Black economic advancement. The system reflected a multidude of attempts by the white power structure to keep Black workers stagnant, achieving this through intimidation, physical violence and exploitation. Ultimately, aided by organized action, shifting technological and economic conditions and the determination of sharecroppers themselves, the oppressive reality of sharecropping ended. But in the endemic inequities of American political and economic life, its legacy persists.

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Community Service Blog

Overview

In this post I will be recapping my community service experience this semester, review the article I have read relating to the organization I worked with and reflect on both.

What did I do?

For my community service I decided to create a volunteer flyer for the Alabama Wildlife Federation (AWF). AWF is one of the oldest and largest and oldest wildlife conservation organizations in the state. Since 1935 it has worked with citizens, other organizations and the local governments to encourage communities to protect and preserve the ecosystems within their communities. With the generosity of donors and dedication of volunteers the organization has been able to flourish and fulfill its goals.

For my flyer, I went to Canva for an eco-themed template and added some of the basic information I had learned about the organization. I inserted hyperlinks to the organizations Instagram and website so that those interested would be able to seek out information directly form the source.

Article review

Authors: Adam S. Willcox and William M. Giuliano

Publisher: Wildlife Society Bulletin

Link: https://www.jstor.org/stable/wildsocibull2011.35.2.59?sid=primo

MLA Citation: Adam S. Willcox, and William M. Giuliano. “Cattle Rancher and Conservation Agency Personnel Perceptions of Wildlife Management and Assistance Programs in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi.” Wildlife Society Bulletin (2011), vol. 35, no. 2, 2011, pp. 59–68.

Summary: In their article Cattle Rancher and Conservation Agency Personal Perceptions of Wildlife Management and Assistance Programs in ALabama, FLorida, Georgia, and Mississippi, Adam S. Willcox and William M. Giuliano surveyed cattle ranchers in several states in order to understand their perceptions of conservation organizations and policies. In their article they found that the majority of cattle ranchers considered themselves stewards of the land and desired to protect the wildlife that lived within their property. However, they became frustrated with wildlife organizations that interfered with their ability to make profit off their lands through restrictions and protection of predatory animals. Willcox and Giuliano emphasize the importance of conservationists listening to the communities they involve themselves with in order to create a sustainable and positive impact. 

Analysis: Adam S. Willcox is a research assistant professor at The University of Tennessee and William M. Giuliano is an Associate professor at the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. Both have authored and co authored several research papers regarding conservationist concerns and agriculture. In their article, the authors use terms such as “suggest” (59) which gives the article a tone of humility. They are not attacking their audience or demanding cooperation. Instead, the authors are sharing their observations and suggesting a solution which the audience can use or ignore. Willcox and Giuliano's argument makes sense. Conservation organizations cannot expect to work with cattle ranchers if they will ignore their concerns. It is important for both sides to respect each other's views and find a middle ground to cooperate on. The target audience is conservation agencies looking to work with cattle ranchers in southern agricultural states. The article struck me as one for the lay reader. The authors wording makes it easy to understand their research study and their explanation of the data makes their conclusion clear. It was not full of difficult-to-understand jargon or descriptions. The article was fascinating to read and made me consider conservationist approaches to communities. In one of the recent discussions (29) for my environmental writing course, we discussed Marine Protected areas or MPAs. Although they allow endangered species and coral ecosystems to flourish they can harm the local fishing communities. By placing legal prohibitions on the areas the fishermen fish, conservationists cut off the main source of income for the communities resulting in the local economy crashing. Willcox and Giuliano's suggestion for conservations to work and communicate with the local communities of the ecosystems they are trying to protect will prevent issues like the one previously mentioned from occurring.

Additional Info

Sources

Adam S. Willcox, and William M. Giuliano. “Cattle Rancher and Conservation Agency Personnel Perceptions of Wildlife Management and Assistance Programs in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi.” Wildlife Society Bulletin (2011), vol. 35, no. 2, 2011, pp. 59–68. “Adam Willcox.” Conservation Science Group, https://consci.utk.edu/people/adam-willcox/.

“Alabama Wildlife Federation.” Alabama Wildlife Federation | AWF, https://www.alabamawildlife.org/. Giuliano, William M. Associate Professor - Vivo.ufl.edu. https://vivo.ufl.edu/display/n55961.

[earthvitalsignimpact]

Title: Blockchain as the Cornerstone of Ukraine’s Post-War Zero-Carbon Economy

by UEVS and the power of AI

Introduction

Ukraine, in its post-war reconstruction phase, has a historic opportunity to transition towards a zero-carbon economy while simultaneously tackling corruption—one of its most persistent challenges. Blockchain technology offers a decentralized, transparent, and tamper-proof framework that can revolutionize governance, finance, land management, and energy distribution. This document outlines key areas where blockchain can play a pivotal role in ensuring accountability, transparency, and financial sovereignty while fostering a sustainable future.

1. Transparent Reconstruction Funds & Aid Distribution

The Problem:

Post-war reconstruction efforts often face corruption risks, with funds misallocated, embezzled, or lost in bureaucratic inefficiencies.

Blockchain Solution:

Smart contracts ensure that funds are released only when specific conditions are met, such as verified construction milestones.

A public ledger records every transaction, allowing donors and the public to track funds in real-time.

Eliminates the need for trust in intermediaries, ensuring funds reach intended projects without manipulation.

Real-World Case Study:

The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) has used Ethereum-based smart contracts to distribute aid to refugees efficiently, reducing fraud and ensuring direct assistance.

2. Land & Property Registry to Prevent Land Grabs

The Problem:

After war, property disputes and illegal land seizures become prevalent, undermining stability.

Blockchain Solution:

Immutable land records stored on blockchain prevent fraudulent transfers and document manipulation.

Decentralized verification allows citizens to confirm property ownership without corrupt intermediaries.

Reduces bureaucratic bottlenecks and bribery associated with land registration.

Real-World Case Study:

Georgia’s National Land Registry implemented blockchain-based land records, reducing property fraud and increasing trust in the system.

3. Carbon Credit Trading & Environmental Accountability

The Problem:

Corruption and greenwashing often undermine carbon credit markets, allowing fraudulent emissions offset claims.

Blockchain Solution:

Decentralized carbon credit trading platform ensures that credits are legitimate and cannot be manipulated.

Verifiable CO₂ tracking using blockchain prevents industries from falsifying environmental compliance.

Smart contracts ensure funds go only to verified green projects, eliminating middlemen and fraudulent activities.

Real-World Case Study:

The IBM and Energy Blockchain Lab created a blockchain-based carbon asset trading platform in China, ensuring transparency in CO₂ reductions.

4. Decentralized Energy Grids & Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Energy Trading

The Problem:

Centralized energy distribution often leads to monopolies, price manipulation, and slow adoption of renewables.

Blockchain Solution:

Decentralized energy markets allow households and businesses to trade excess renewable energy directly without intermediaries.

Smart contracts automate payments, ensuring fair pricing and removing opportunities for bribery.

Incentivizes the rapid adoption of solar, wind, and green hydrogen technologies in a transparent manner.

Real-World Case Study:

Brooklyn Microgrid uses blockchain to enable P2P energy trading, allowing communities to become energy-independent.

5. Corruption-Free Procurement for Public Infrastructure

The Problem:

Government contracts are plagued by kickbacks, favoritism, and inflated costs.

Blockchain Solution:

Transparent bidding system where all bids and contracts are publicly recorded and tamper-proof.

Smart contracts enforce contract execution, ensuring funds are used only for designated purposes.

Eliminates middlemen and bribery, ensuring that only qualified companies win contracts.

Real-World Case Study:

Ukraine’s Prozorro e-Procurement System has already increased transparency but can be further enhanced with blockchain integration.

6. Digital Identity & Voting to Eliminate Electoral Fraud

The Problem:

Post-war elections are vulnerable to vote-rigging, identity fraud, and political manipulation.

Blockchain Solution:

Decentralized digital IDs prevent fake voter registrations.

Blockchain-based voting ensures tamper-proof elections, allowing every citizen to verify their vote.

Publicly auditable results eliminate disputes over election legitimacy.

Real-World Case Study:

West Virginia, USA, tested blockchain-based voting for overseas military personnel, ensuring election integrity.

7. Bitcoin for Financial Sovereignty & Protection from Corrupt Banking

The Problem:

Traditional banking is often controlled by oligarchs, leading to financial instability and loss of funds.

Blockchain Solution:

Bitcoin and stablecoins provide a corruption-resistant financial system, immune to government interference.

Lightning Network enables instant, low-fee transactions, supporting entrepreneurs and small businesses.

Ukrainian diaspora can send remittances via Bitcoin, bypassing high banking fees and restrictions.

Real-World Case Study:

Ukraine’s strong Bitcoin adoption has already demonstrated the role of crypto in financial resilience.

8. Supply Chain Integrity for Green Technologies

The Problem:

Fake sustainability claims and fraudulent supply chains undermine green tech investments.

Blockchain Solution:

End-to-end tracking of materials like solar panels, EV batteries, and hydrogen fuel cells.

Verifiable blockchain certifications ensure ethical sourcing and compliance with zero-carbon standards.

Enables investors to fund only legitimate sustainable projects.

Real-World Case Study:

VeChain’s blockchain platform is used to track carbon footprints across supply chains.

Conclusion: Blockchain as Ukraine’s Anti-Corruption Shield

By integrating blockchain into governance, finance, and energy sectors, Ukraine can rebuild transparently and efficiently, ensuring that corruption does not undermine its post-war recovery and transition to a zero-carbon future.

Next Steps:

Pilot blockchain-based reconstruction projects in partnership with international donors.

Expand Bitcoin and blockchain education to ensure citizens can fully utilize the technology.

Integrate smart contracts into government procurement to eliminate bribery.

Develop a decentralized carbon credit trading system to ensure climate accountability.

Call to Action:

We invite blockchain innovators, policymakers, and environmental leaders to collaborate on Ukraine’s path to a transparent, sustainable future powered by decentralized technology.

References

United Nations World Food Programme - Blockchain for Humanitarian Aid: https://www.wfp.org/innovation/blockchain

Forbes - Georgia’s Blockchain Land Registry: https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeldelcastillo/2017/02/07/the-country-of-georgia-uses-bitcoin-tech-to-secure-land-titles/

IBM - Blockchain for Carbon Credit Trading: https://www.ibm.com/blogs/blockchain/2017/12/using-blockchain-to-help-fight-climate-change/

Chainalysis - Ukraine’s Crypto Adoption: https://blog.chainalysis.com/reports/ukraine-crypto-adoption-2021/

Quiz: Blockchain in Post-War Ukraine’s Zero-Carbon Future

Section 1: General Knowledge

Multiple-Choice Questions

What is one of the main advantages of using blockchain in Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction? a) Centralized control over aid distribution b) Transparency and reduced corruption c) Increased reliance on intermediaries d) Reduced financial sovereignty

How do smart contracts improve aid distribution? a) By making all financial transactions private b) By releasing funds only when conditions are met c) By allowing government officials to modify terms at will d) By making the process less efficient

Which of the following industries would benefit from blockchain-based carbon credit trading? a) Fossil fuel extraction companies b) Renewable energy providers c) Land developers ignoring emissions regulations d) Companies that manipulate emission reports

What type of blockchain system can be used for land and property registries in Ukraine? a) A centralized government database b) An immutable blockchain ledger c) A paper-based record system d) An encrypted email archive

Why is peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading important in a blockchain-powered energy grid? a) It allows households to trade renewable energy without middlemen b) It enables the government to monitor energy consumption c) It eliminates the need for energy storage solutions d) It prevents citizens from accessing energy data

Section 2: True or False

Bitcoin and stablecoins can protect citizens from corrupt banking systems in post-war Ukraine. (True / False)

Blockchain technology ensures that carbon credit trading remains fraud-free and tamper-proof. (True / False)

Smart contracts can be modified after execution to accommodate last-minute changes by government officials. (True / False)

Decentralized voting using blockchain could reduce election fraud in Ukraine. (True / False)

Ukraine’s Prozorro e-Procurement System already uses blockchain for full transparency. (True / False)

Section 3: Short Answer Questions

How can blockchain-based procurement reduce corruption in post-war reconstruction projects?

What are two benefits of using blockchain for land and property registry in Ukraine?

Explain how Bitcoin adoption can promote financial sovereignty in Ukraine’s economy.

How does a blockchain-powered carbon credit market ensure that CO₂ emissions are properly accounted for?

What role do smart contracts play in public infrastructure projects to prevent fraud?

Section 4: Case Studies & Application

Case Study: The Brooklyn Microgrid allows residents to trade excess solar energy using blockchain. How could a similar system help Ukraine transition to a zero-carbon decentralized energy grid?

Case Study: Georgia implemented blockchain-based land registries to prevent property fraud. What challenges might Ukraine face in adopting a similar system?

Application: You are advising the Ukrainian government on blockchain-based election security. List three recommendations to ensure a fraud-proof decentralized voting system.

Application: Investors are wary of greenwashing in Ukraine’s transition to a zero-carbon economy. How could blockchain-based supply chain tracking ensure that green technologies are truly sustainable?

Application: A Ukrainian city wants to implement blockchain for public transportation payments using Bitcoin and stablecoins. What advantages does this provide compared to a traditional banking system?

Quiz Answer Key: Blockchain in Post-War Ukraine’s Zero-Carbon Future

Section 1: General Knowledge

Multiple-Choice Questions

What is one of the main advantages of using blockchain in Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction? b) Transparency and reduced corruption ✅ Explanation: Blockchain records transactions on an immutable public ledger, reducing corruption and ensuring transparency in fund distribution.

How do smart contracts improve aid distribution? b) By releasing funds only when conditions are met ✅ Explanation: Smart contracts execute only when predefined criteria, such as project milestones, are verified, preventing fund mismanagement.

Which of the following industries would benefit from blockchain-based carbon credit trading? b) Renewable energy providers ✅ Explanation: Blockchain prevents fraudulent carbon credit claims, ensuring that only legitimate emissions reductions are rewarded.

What type of blockchain system can be used for land and property registries in Ukraine? b) An immutable blockchain ledger ✅ Explanation: A blockchain-based land registry prevents fraudulent land grabs by maintaining tamper-proof ownership records.

Why is peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading important in a blockchain-powered energy grid? a) It allows households to trade renewable energy without middlemen ✅ Explanation: Blockchain enables direct energy trading between individuals, reducing reliance on centralized energy providers and increasing efficiency.

Section 2: True or False

Bitcoin and stablecoins can protect citizens from corrupt banking systems in post-war Ukraine. ✅ True Explanation: Bitcoin and stablecoins offer an alternative to traditional banking systems, reducing citizens’ reliance on potentially corrupt institutions.

Blockchain technology ensures that carbon credit trading remains fraud-free and tamper-proof. ✅ True Explanation: The decentralized nature of blockchain prevents manipulation, ensuring that carbon credit transactions are transparent and verifiable.

Smart contracts can be modified after execution to accommodate last-minute changes by government officials. ❌ False Explanation: Once executed, smart contracts are immutable, preventing any unauthorized alterations or corruption.

Decentralized voting using blockchain could reduce election fraud in Ukraine. ✅ True Explanation: Blockchain-based voting ensures tamper-proof election records, preventing vote rigging and ensuring fair elections.

Ukraine’s Prozorro e-Procurement System already uses blockchain for full transparency. ❌ False Explanation: Prozorro is an open-source procurement system that increases transparency, but it does not yet fully integrate blockchain technology.

Section 3: Short Answer Questions

How can blockchain-based procurement reduce corruption in post-war reconstruction projects? Answer: By ensuring that all bidding and contract execution processes are recorded on a public ledger, eliminating favoritism, bribery, and fund misallocation.

What are two benefits of using blockchain for land and property registry in Ukraine? Answer: Prevents land fraud by storing tamper-proof property records. Reduces bureaucratic inefficiencies, enabling faster and fairer ownership verification.

Explain how Bitcoin adoption can promote financial sovereignty in Ukraine’s economy. Answer: Bitcoin enables secure, censorship-resistant transactions, allowing citizens to store value and transact without reliance on government-controlled banking systems.

How does a blockchain-powered carbon credit market ensure that CO₂ emissions are properly accounted for? Answer: By verifying emissions data on an immutable ledger, preventing companies from making false green claims and ensuring only legitimate reductions receive credits.

What role do smart contracts play in public infrastructure projects to prevent fraud? Answer: Smart contracts automatically execute payments only when predefined milestones are met, preventing funds from being siphoned off or misused.

Section 4: Case Studies & Application

16. Case Study: The Brooklyn Microgrid allows residents to trade excess solar energy using blockchain. How could a similar system help Ukraine transition to a zero-carbon decentralized energy grid? Answer: A blockchain-based microgrid in Ukraine would allow citizens to trade excess renewable energy directly, reducing dependence on centralized power providers and accelerating green energy adoption.

17. Case Study: Georgia implemented blockchain-based land registries to prevent property fraud. What challenges might Ukraine face in adopting a similar system? Answer: Resistance from corrupt officials benefiting from land disputes. Need for nationwide digital infrastructure. Ensuring all historical land records are correctly migrated onto the blockchain.

18. Application: You are advising the Ukrainian government on blockchain-based election security. List three recommendations to ensure a fraud-proof decentralized voting system. Answer: Use decentralized digital identities to prevent duplicate voter registrations. Implement end-to-end vote encryption and verification. Make the blockchain ledger publicly auditable to prevent election fraud.

19. Application: Investors are wary of greenwashing in Ukraine’s transition to a zero-carbon economy. How could blockchain-based supply chain tracking ensure that green technologies are truly sustainable? Answer: By tracking the entire supply chain of renewable energy products (e.g., solar panels, wind turbines) on blockchain, investors can verify that materials are ethically sourced and emissions claims are accurate.

20. Application: A Ukrainian city wants to implement blockchain for public transportation payments using Bitcoin and stablecoins. What advantages does this provide compared to a traditional banking system? Answer: Faster, borderless payments without banking fees. Eliminates the risk of government interference or financial censorship. Ensures transparency and prevents ticket revenue mismanagement.

Scoring System:

0-10 Correct: Blockchain Newcomer – You’re just getting started with decentralized technology.

11-15 Correct: Blockchain Advocate – You understand how blockchain can drive transparency.

16-20 Correct: Blockchain Expert – You could help design Ukraine’s future blockchain infrastructure!

[tik4tatthetat]

The Broken Promise of 40 Acres and a Mule: A Legacy of Betrayal and Injustice. Gen Z & Millennials Now You Know.

The Broken Promise of 40 Acres and a Mule: A Legacy of Betrayal and Injustice. Here's the story. In the aftermath of the American Civil War, the United States government made a promise to newly freed slaves that would prove to be a pivotal moment in the nation's history. The promise of "40 acres and a mule" was meant to provide a foundation for economic independence and self-sufficiency for African Americans emerging from the shackles of slavery. However, this promise would ultimately be broken, leaving a lasting legacy of betrayal, injustice, and ongoing disparities. *The Origins of the Promise* In January 1865, as the Civil War drew to a close, Union General William Tecumseh Sherman met with a group of African American leaders in Savannah, Georgia. The meeting resulted in the creation of Special Field Order No. 15, which set aside a significant portion of coastal land in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida for the settlement of freed slaves. Each family was to receive approximately 40 acres of land, and the US Army would provide them with a mule to aid in their agricultural endeavors. The promise of 40 acres and a mule was not only a gesture of goodwill but also a pragmatic solution to the pressing issue of providing for the newly freed slaves. With the abolition of slavery, millions of African Americans were left without land, resources, or economic opportunities. The promise of land ownership and economic independence was seen as a crucial step towards rebuilding their lives and creating a brighter future. *The Broken Promise* Despite the initial enthusiasm and optimism surrounding the promise of 40 acres and a mule, it would ultimately be broken. President Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Abraham Lincoln after his assassination, proved to be a major obstacle to the fulfillment of this promise. Johnson, a sympathizer of the Confederacy, was determined to undermine the Reconstruction efforts and limit the rights and opportunities of African Americans. In the summer of 1865, Johnson began to systematically dismantle the land redistribution program, allowing former Confederate landowners to reclaim their properties. The US Army, which had been tasked with overseeing the land redistribution, was withdrawn, leaving the freed slaves vulnerable to exploitation and violence. The broken promise of 40 acres and a mule had far-reaching consequences. Without land ownership and economic independence, African Americans were forced to rely on sharecropping and tenant farming, systems that perpetuated poverty, debt, and racial subjugation. The lack of economic opportunities and resources also limited access to education, healthcare, and other essential services. *A Legacy of Injustice* The broken promise of 40 acres and a mule is a stark reminder of the United States' long history of betraying its promises to African Americans. From the failure to provide reparations for slavery to the ongoing disparities in education, housing, and economic opportunities, the legacy of this broken promise continues to haunt American society. The struggle for racial justice and equality in the United States is, in many ways, a struggle to fulfill the promise of 40 acres and a mule. It is a reminder that true freedom and equality require more than just the absence of slavery; they require access to resources, opportunities, and economic independence. *Conclusion* The promise of 40 acres and a mule remains an unfulfilled obligation, a testament to the United States' failure to provide true freedom and equality to its African American citizens. As we continue to grapple with the ongoing legacies of slavery, racism, and inequality, it is essential that we remember this broken promise and work towards creating a more just and equitable society for all. The story of 40 acres and a mule serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of keeping promises and fulfilling obligations, particularly when it comes to issues of racial justice and equality. As we move forward, it is crucial that we prioritize truth, reconciliation, and reparations, working towards a future where the promise of freedom and equality is finally fulfilled. Your Life-Your Future Read the full article

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Top Benefits of Hiring a Residential Land Surveyor Near Me

Accurate property information remains essential for both real estate acquisition and land development activities. Accurate knowledge of property lines together with awareness of land features helps homeowners avoid expensive errors. A residential land surveyor near me represents an essential requirement for property owners. The surveys they conduct deliver comprehensive information which defends homeowners from property disputes while maintaining compliance with local construction rules.

NASH SURVEYING & DESIGN specializes in land surveys, which protect your property investments. Our team delivers dependable outcomes for boundary surveyor services, licensed land surveyor services, and topographical survey services

1. Prevents Boundary DisputesUnclear property boundaries are among the main challenges property owners must deal with. Most property owners believe their property boundaries match the position of current fencing or markers, but the accuracy of these measurements cannot be guaranteed. Working with a boundary surveyor near me generates precise knowledge about my property's strict perimeter boundaries.Prior to constructing fences or driveways or making building additions homeowners need residential boundary surveys to establish their property's specific limits. Construction on your neighbor's land will create the need to take down your structure and this process may result in unpredictable costs. A professional survey both eliminates potential property disputes and serves as legal evidence to show your boundaries.

2. Helps with Construction and DevelopmentAny construction project requires full understanding of your land's spatial arrangement. A topographical survey near me reveals data about landscape elevations alongside slope characteristics and natural elements. Foundational stability together with drainage solutions require this fundamental information to ensure their proper execution.The Georgia street design or street design Southwest Georgia rely on surveys to establish roadway and sidewalk plans. An elevation certificate Georgia provides vital flood risk assessment information to help determine insurance costs for properties within flood zones. Building surveys protect the construction process by guaranteeing that everything gets built properly according to legal standards.3. Ensures Compliance with Local Regulations

All state and municipal jurisdictions enforce zoning laws to determine how land should be used. A licensed land surveyor near me assists homeowners and developers in meeting their state regulations. An incorrect survey could result in both zoning law violations and monetary penalties and construction delays for your project.Albany require an Albany site plan submission before moving forward. An Albany boundary survey helps developers verify that their projects maintain compliance with state and local regulations. Professional surveyors help protect your construction projects from legal issues so they can progress correctly.4. Survey serices offer crucial paperwork necessary for property dealsA survey becomes essential for both property buyers and sellers. Title companies together with lenders require boundary surveys prior to loan approval. This process verifies the legal description of the property against its true land boundaries.When conducting real estate transactions commercial properties require detailed survey information that Alta surveys Albany supply. Mortgage surveys Southwest Georgia are standard requirements for completing real estate transactions throughout Southwest Georgia. Updated property surveys facilitate real estate transactions by eliminating unexpected issues before and after purchase.ConclusionThe smartest investment for property owners is to hire a residential land surveyor near me. Professional surveys including boundary surveys Georgia and Georgia elevation certificates and Albany topographic surveys protect your investment while ensuring accurate results.Our company NASH SURVEYING & DESIGN delivers premium land surveying services for business clients and homeowners. The combination of our boundary surveying expertise Southwest Georgia with our storm sewer design excellence Southwest Georgia and control survey proficiency Southwest Georgia provides your project with solid foundation construction. Send us a message to receive dependable survey services for your real estate property.

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Electric Mowing in Marietta, GA: The Future of Sustainable Lawn Care

Maintaining a lush, green lawn is a priority for many homeowners in Marietta, GA. However, traditional gas-powered mowing methods contribute to air pollution, noise disturbances, and increased carbon emissions. That’s where electric mowing in Marietta, GA comes in as a game-changer. At Clean Air Lawn Care Marietta, Georgia | Roswell, Georgia | Alpharetta, Georgia, we specialize in providing sustainable, electric-powered lawn care solutions that are eco-friendly, quiet, and efficient.

Why Choose Electric Mowing in Marietta, GA?

Switching to electric mowing has numerous advantages that go beyond just maintaining a beautiful lawn. Here are some key benefits:

1. Environmentally Friendly

Unlike gas-powered mowers that emit harmful pollutants, electric mowers run on rechargeable batteries, significantly reducing your carbon footprint. Our electric mowers at Clean Air Lawn Care Marietta, Georgia | Roswell, Georgia | Alpharetta, Georgia ensure clean air for your neighborhood while keeping your yard pristine.

2. Quiet Operation

If you’re tired of the loud, disruptive noise of gas-powered lawn equipment, electric mowing is the solution. Electric mowers operate at a fraction of the noise level, making them ideal for residential areas where peace and quiet are valued.

3. Cost-Effective

Electric mowing reduces long-term costs associated with fuel and maintenance. With fewer moving parts and no need for gasoline, electric mowers provide a budget-friendly alternative to traditional mowers.

4. Healthier Lawn Care

Electric mowing produces finer grass clippings that decompose quickly, enriching the soil and promoting healthier grass growth. Additionally, without gas and oil leaks, there’s no risk of harmful chemicals seeping into your lawn.

The Clean Air Lawn Care Difference

At Clean Air Lawn Care Marietta, Georgia | Roswell, Georgia | Alpharetta, Georgia, we pride ourselves on offering premium electric mowing services tailored to the needs of our customers. Our team is committed to sustainable lawn care practices that benefit both your property and the environment.

Our Process:

Assessment & Custom Plan: We evaluate your lawn and create a personalized mowing schedule.

All-Electric Equipment: We use battery-powered mowers, trimmers, and blowers to eliminate emissions and noise pollution.

Eco-Friendly Lawn Treatments: We offer organic fertilizers and natural weed control solutions to promote lush, healthy grass.

Sustainable Practices: Our commitment to sustainability includes using solar panels to charge our equipment, further reducing our carbon footprint.

Serving Marietta, Roswell, and Alpharetta, GA

We proudly serve homeowners and businesses in Marietta, Roswell, and Alpharetta, GA with our electric mowing services. Whether you need routine lawn maintenance or an eco-conscious alternative to gas-powered mowing, our team is here to help.

Make the Switch to Electric Mowing Today!

If you’re ready to experience the benefits of electric mowing in Marietta, GA, trust Clean Air Lawn Care Marietta, Georgia | Roswell, Georgia | Alpharetta, Georgia for high-quality, sustainable lawn care. Contact us today to schedule your electric mowing service and take a step toward a cleaner, greener future!

Contact US

Name : Clean Air Lawn Care Marietta, Georgia | Roswell, Georgia | Alpharetta, Georgia

Address : 2705 Constant Landing, Marietta, GA 30066

Phone  : 6788279886

Website : https://cleanairlawncare.com/service-locations/ga/marietta/

GMB URL : https://maps.app.goo.gl/KFALBfTpEbJr2reQ8

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Skinner Farms Irrigation

Skinner Farms Irrigation, located in the agricultural heart of Hartford, AL, stands as a beacon of quality and service for farming and land management communities. Specializing as an irrigation equipment supplier Hartford, we offer top-tier products including T-L Irrigation systems and are well-versed in berkley pumps Hartford solutions. Our expertise extends to pivot installations, ensuring that your crops receive precise and efficient water distribution. Our skilled team is dedicated to providing comprehensive installation and adept repair services to keep your systems running smoothly all year round. With our deep understanding of the unique water management challenges in southeast Alabama, southwest Georgia, and northern Florida, Skinner Farms Irrigation commits to delivering tailored solutions that enhance your irrigation efficiency. We take pride in supporting our clients' success with reliable equipment and exceptional customer service. Reach out to us today to find out how we can optimize your irrigation practices with our industry-leading offerings. Contact US Address: 496 AL-167, Hartford, AL 36344 Phone: 334-360-0061 Hours: Sunday - Saturday : 07:00 - 17:00 Company Email: skinnerfarmsirrigation@gmail.com URL: https://www.skinnerfarmsirr.com/